Safe Practices for Using Extension Ladders
The Problem
Extension ladders are versatile tools that help us work efficiently at heights, but they can quickly become dangerous when used improperly. Every year, ladder-related falls result in serious injuries or fatalities—most of which are preventable. Today, we’ll focus on how to safely use portable extension ladders to eliminate risks and ensure everyone goes home safely.
Identify the Hazards
- Using ladders that are too short or unsuitable for the task.
- Standing on unsafe rungs, like the top rungs labelled as unsafe.
- Improper positioning, such as leaning too far or setting up ladders on unstable ground.
- Misuse, like using ladders as horizontal walkboards or scaffolding.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
1. Choose the Right Ladder for the Job
- Use a ladder that is the correct length to safely reach your work area.
- Never place ladders on makeshift devices, such as boxes or pallets, to gain extra height.
- Avoid lashing two ladders together to create a longer ladder—always take the time to get the proper equipment.
2. Use the Ladder as Intended
- Do not Use ladders as walkboards or scaffolding by laying them horizontally over trenches or saw horses.
- Only one person should use the ladder at a time unless it’s specifically designed for two users.
3. Proper Positioning and Usage
- Safe Standing Practices: Stand on the lowest rung possible to perform your task. Never stand on or above any rung labelled as unsafe by the manufacturer.
- Maintain Points of Contact: Always face the ladder, keeping both feet on the same rung. Use at least one hand for a firm grip on the ladder at all times. If using both hands, support your upper body by leaning into the ladder—never lean backward.
- Body Positioning: Keep your body centred between the side rails to avoid tipping. Avoid overreaching—your belt buckle (or sternum) should always stay between the rails.
4. Assess the Job Requirements
For certain tasks, scaffolding, mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs), or other equipment may be safer alternatives. Assess the job and choose the safest option.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
A worker once attempted to use an extension ladder that was too short for the task. To gain height, they placed the ladder on stacked pallets. The pallets shifted, and the worker fell, breaking their arm. This accident could have been avoided by simply using the correct ladder and positioning it properly.
Employee Responsibilities
- Inspect ladders before use for defects or instability.
- Choose the correct ladder size and set it up securely.
- Follow safe climbing practices, maintaining three points of contact.
- Report unsafe ladders or hazardous practices immediately.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide properly maintained and inspected ladders.
- Ensure employees are trained in safe ladder practices.
- Provide alternative equipment (e.g. scaffolding or MEWPs) when ladders are not suitable for the task.
Discussion & Questions
- "Have you ever seen someone misusing an extension ladder? What were the consequences?"
- "What do you check for during a ladder inspection?"
- "Are there any other concerns or tips for staying safe while using extension ladders?"
Allow employees to share experiences or insights.
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to taking an extra minute to select and inspect our ladders before each use. If a ladder doesn’t seem safe or fit for the job, speak up and request the proper equipment. Ladder safety is not just about climbing—it’s about making the right choices.
Wrap-Up
Extension ladders are essential tools when used correctly, but they can also be deadly when misused. Let’s stay safe by following these guidelines and committing to best practices every time we work at height. Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
Standards Overview
WorkSafe New Zealand requires that ladders be suitable for the task, used safely, and maintained in good condition. The Health and Safety at Work (General Risk and Workplace Management) Regulations 2016 outline responsibilities for ensuring all equipment, including ladders, is safe to use.
Employers must ensure:
- Workers are trained and competent in ladder use.
- Ladders are inspected before use.
- The right equipment is provided for working at height.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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