Cold Weather Operations

Heat Stress & Weather Hazards
English (NZ)

The Problem

Winter conditions present unique challenges to workplace safety. Exposure to extreme cold, icy surfaces, and equipment malfunctions can lead to serious injuries such as hypothermia, frostbite, slips, or even equipment failure. Today, we’ll focus on identifying these hazards and implementing practical solutions to keep everyone safe during cold weather operations.

Identify the Hazards

  • Cold Stress: Prolonged exposure to low temperatures can result in hypothermia or frostbite.

  • Slips, Trips, and Falls: Ice and snow significantly increase the risk of incidents.

  • Equipment Failures: Machinery may malfunction or be damaged in cold conditions.

  • Reduced Visibility: Snow, fog, or frost can impair visibility and increase accident risk.
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  • Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Portable heaters or equipment used in enclosed spaces without adequate ventilation can be hazardous.

Safety Practices and Preventative Measures

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

  • Dress in three layers:
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    • Base layer: Moisture-wicking fabric like wool or synthetics.
    • Middle layer: Insulating layer (e.g., fleece or wool).
    • Outer layer: Waterproof and windproof jacket or shell.
  • Use insulated safety boots with slip-resistant soles, thermal gloves, face protection, and high-visibility winter clothing.

Monitoring Exposure:

  • Follow WorkSafe NZ guidelines on safe exposure times and work/rest cycles based on the wind chill factor.
  • Use the buddy system to observe symptoms of cold stress.
  • Regularly monitor weather conditions and adjust tasks accordingly.

Warming Break Areas:

  • Provide heated shelters for rest breaks (ideally between 18–24°C).
  • Supply warm drinks and emergency items like blankets and first aid kits.
  • Encourage scheduled warming breaks, especially in freezing conditions.

Equipment Maintenance:

  • Use winter-grade oils and antifreeze.
  • Protect water lines and equipment from freezing temperatures.
  • Cover or store machinery when not in use.

Managing Ice and Snow Hazards:

  • Apply grit or de-icer to walking surfaces before ice forms.
  • Assign designated staff for snow and ice removal duties.
  • Maintain proper tools and equipment for winter maintenance.

Vehicle Readiness:

  • Check fluids, batteries, and tyre tread daily.
  • Use snow chains or winter tyres where applicable.
  • Keep emergency kits, scrapers, and torches in each vehicle.
  • Drive slower and increase following distances in icy conditions.

Real-Life Case or Scenario

Where possible, use an actual incident that you have experienced or been involved in.

Last winter, a worker suffered frostbite on their fingertips while using metal tools outdoors. They were not wearing proper thermal gloves and had not taken a warming break. With the right PPE and regular breaks, this incident could have been avoided.

Employee Responsibilities

  • Wear suitable winter PPE and follow cold weather guidelines.

  • Look out for signs of cold stress in yourself and others.
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  • Take warming breaks as advised and report unsafe conditions.

Employer Responsibilities

  • Provide PPE appropriate for cold and wet conditions.

  • Ensure heated shelters and warm drink stations are available.

  • Monitor weather forecasts and adjust work plans accordingly.
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  • Train staff on cold stress risks and first aid procedures.

Discussion & Questions

  • What challenges have you faced when working in cold conditions?
  • How do you prepare your tools or PPE for winter work?
  • Are there any specific cold-related hazards on our current site we need to address?

Commitment/Action Plan

Let’s commit to keeping warm, being prepared, and working safely this winter. Starting today, inspect your PPE, take regular breaks in heated areas, and report any hazards immediately.

Wrap-Up

Cold weather safety is about more than comfort—it’s about preventing injuries and keeping each other safe. By planning ahead and using proper gear and procedures, we can work through winter safely and effectively. Thank you for your attention.

Standards Overview

  • WorkSafe NZ requires that workers exposed to cold environments are provided with suitable PPE.
  • Employers must assess environmental conditions and implement controls for cold stress.
  • Workers must be trained to identify and respond to hypothermia, frostbite, and related hazards.

Disclaimer

These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.

The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.

It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.

The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.

Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.

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Last Updated:
May 12, 2025