Working Near Unprotected Edges: Guardrails and Warning Lines
The Problem
Falls from height remain the leading cause of fatalities in New Zealand’s construction industry. Working near unprotected edges—such as rooftops, open-sided floors, or elevated platforms—exposes workers to serious harm. Without effective fall protection systems like guardrails or visual barriers, a single misstep can result in serious injury or death. Today, we’ll look at the hazards of unprotected edges and the safety measures that can prevent tragedy.
Identify the Hazards
- Falls: The most significant risk when working near unprotected edges. A slip or loss of balance can result in a fall from height.
- Environmental Factors: Wind, wet or uneven surfaces, and poor lighting can increase the risk of falling.
- Inadequate Protection: Missing or poorly installed edge protection systems, or failure to wear fall arrest equipment.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
Install and Use Edge Protection:
Edge protection is the first line of defence and must comply with WorkSafe NZ and AS/NZS 4994 guidelines:
- Top Rail: Typically positioned between 900mm and 1100mm above the working surface.
- Mid Rail: Placed midway between the top rail and the platform.
- Toe Boards: Required to prevent tools or materials from falling and creating secondary hazards.
Set Up Visual Barriers or Warning Lines:
Where guardrails aren’t practical:
- Position visual barriers or warning lines at least 2 metres from the unprotected edge.
- Ensure they are clearly visible and can withstand wind and general site wear.
Inspect Work Areas:
- Check for unstable edges, missing handrails, or temporary platforms with insufficient guarding.
- Report any hazards or non-compliant edge protection systems immediately.
Use Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS):
- If edge protection is not possible, use a certified harness system anchored to a secure point.
- Always inspect harnesses, lanyards, and connectors before use.
- Fall arrest equipment must comply with AS/NZS 1891 standards.
Stay Aware and Focused:
- Stay alert when working near edges.
- Avoid distractions, especially when carrying materials or using tools.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
A recent incident occurred when a worker stepped back on a rooftop to avoid a falling tool and fell 3.5 metres. There were no guardrails or marked barriers, and the worker was not wearing fall protection. They sustained multiple injuries. This could have been prevented with basic edge protection and awareness.
Employee Responsibilities
- Follow site-specific fall prevention protocols at all times.
- Inspect edge protection systems and PFAS before use.
- Report damaged or missing fall protection immediately.
- Maintain awareness of surroundings and unprotected edges.
Employer Responsibilities
- Install compliant edge protection systems or barriers as required.
- Provide workers with appropriate fall protection equipment and training.
- Conduct regular site inspections to identify and resolve fall hazards.
- Act quickly when issues with fall protection are reported.
Discussion & Questions
- “What types of edge protection are currently installed on this site?”
- “Have you ever noticed missing or damaged guardrails or barriers?”
- “What steps can we take to improve safety near unprotected edges?”
Encourage workers to raise safety concerns or share relevant experiences.
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to inspecting all edge protection systems daily and reporting hazards as soon as they’re identified. Whether it’s a handrail, a barrier, or a harness—every control measure helps protect us from falls.
Wrap-Up
Falls from height are preventable. By using compliant protection systems, staying alert, and following WorkSafe NZ safety guidelines, we can prevent serious incidents and save lives. Thank you for prioritising safety near unprotected edges.
Standards Overview
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), PCBUs must manage the risk of falls when working at height.
- WorkSafe NZ’s “Best Practice Guidelines for Working at Height in New Zealand” require fall protection when there is a risk of falling from any height where injury could occur.
- AS/NZS 1891 and AS/NZS 4994 standards specify requirements for fall arrest systems and temporary edge protection.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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