Sling Rigging Methods and Lifting Capacity
The Problem
When lifting loads with slings, improper rigging methods can reduce lifting capacity, destabilise the load, and create serious hazards. An unstable or overloaded sling can result in dropped loads, equipment damage, or injuries. Today, we’ll discuss the three common rigging methods—Vertical Hitch, Choker Hitch, and Basket Hitch—and how they affect lifting capacity and load stability.
Identify the Hazards
- Overloaded Slings: Using the wrong rigging method reduces capacity, increasing the risk of failure.
- Unstable Loads: Improper rigging can cause loads to teeter, shift, or fall.
- Lack of Awareness: Workers may not understand how rigging methods impact sling capacity, leading to unsafe lifts.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
1. Vertical (Straight) Hitch
What is it?
A single leg of the sling supports the load, with the hook attached to one end and the load secured at the other.
Lifting Capacity:
This method provides the full, rated capacity of the sling.
Hazard (Lack of Stability):
The load may swing or teeter because the vertical hitch does not stabilise it.
Prevention Tip:
Use tag lines or additional rigging methods to help stabilise the load when using a vertical hitch.
2. Choker Hitch
What is it?
The sling is looped around the load, creating a “choke” with the lifting hook attached to the eye.
Lifting Capacity:
Approximately 35% less than the vertical hitch’s capacity.
Benefits and Stability:
The choker hitch helps secure and stabilise the load.
Hazard (Reduced Capacity):
Overloading the sling due to capacity reduction.
Prevention Tip:
Always check the sling manufacturer’s capacity chart when using a choker hitch.
Balance the load to prevent tipping.
3. Basket Hitch
What is it?
The sling passes under the load, with both ends attached to the lifting hook or master link.
Lifting Capacity:
Provides double the capacity of a vertical hitch and 2.5 times that of a choker hitch.
Benefits and Stability:
Offers the highest lifting capacity and good stability if the load is balanced.
Hazard (Uneven Weight Distribution):
If the load is uneven, it may tip to one side, creating an unstable lift.
Prevention Tip:
Ensure the load is balanced before lifting.
Inspect both attachment points for wear or defects.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
Recently, on a job site, workers attempted to lift a large load using a choker hitch without considering the reduced lifting capacity. The sling was overloaded, and midway through the lift, the sling failed, causing the load to drop. Thankfully, no one was hurt, but this incident highlights why understanding rigging methods and capacities is critical for safety.
Employee Responsibilities
- Inspect all slings and rigging equipment before use.
- Use the correct rigging method for the load based on the manufacturer’s capacity chart.
- Ensure the load is balanced and stable before lifting.
- Report damaged or worn slings immediately to your supervisor.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide proper training on sling rigging and lifting safety.
- Ensure slings and rigging equipment are inspected regularly and meet capacity requirements.
- Maintain a safe lifting plan that includes competent persons for complex lifts.
Discussion & Questions
- "What’s the most common rigging method you’ve used on-site, and what challenges have you faced?"
- "How do you check that your sling and load setup is safe before lifting?"
Encourage employees to share experiences or ask questions about specific scenarios.
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to inspecting all slings and understanding how the rigging method affects capacity. Before lifting any load today, double-check the rigging method, ensure the load is balanced, and confirm the sling is within its capacity limits.
Wrap-Up
Rigging loads safely is everyone’s responsibility. By choosing the correct rigging method and following safe practices, we can avoid accidents, protect equipment, and ensure everyone goes home safely. Thank you for your attention today!
Standards Overview
WorkSafe New Zealand requires that lifting and rigging equipment be used within its rated capacity and be properly inspected for condition and suitability.
Slings must be used in accordance with manufacturer instructions and relevant best practice guidelines (e.g., AS/NZS 4991 for lifting slings).
Only trained and competent persons should determine the appropriate rigging methods.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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