Safe Use of Portable Step Ladders
The Problem
Portable step ladders are versatile and commonly used tools, but incorrect use can lead to serious injuries or even fatalities. Hazards such as using damaged ladders, overreaching, or standing on prohibited areas are entirely avoidable if safe work practices are followed. Today, we’ll look at these hazards and provide practical solutions to ensure step ladders are used safely and correctly on site.
Identify the Hazards
- Damaged Ladders: Cracks, missing parts, or loose spreaders make ladders unstable.
- Improper Setup: Not securing all four feet on a firm, level surface.
- Overreaching: Extending outside the ladder’s side rails can cause it to tip over.
- Improper Standing: Standing on the top cap or top step increases the risk of falling.
- Conductive Ladders Near Electricity: Using metal ladders near energised equipment.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
Inspect Before Use:
- Check for cracks, loose parts, damaged feet, or signs of wear.
- Tag and remove any defective ladders from service straight away.
Set Up Properly:
- Ensure all four feet are placed on a stable, level surface.
- Fully extend and lock both spreaders before climbing.
Maintain Safe Distances:
- Keep ladders at least 4 metres away from overhead power lines.
- For voltages over 33kV, consult with the network operator and follow approved procedures.
Climb with Caution:
- Maintain three points of contact (two feet and one hand) at all times.
- Always grip the rungs or side rails—never slide your hand along the rail.
Stay Balanced:
- Keep your belt buckle within the ladder’s side rails to maintain centre of gravity.
- Reposition the ladder if a task requires leaning or overreaching.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
A worker used the top cap of a step ladder to access overhead pipework. The ladder shifted, and the worker fell, fracturing their wrist. The top cap was never designed to be stood on. The incident could have been prevented by repositioning the ladder and following manufacturer instructions.
Employee Responsibilities
- Inspect the ladder before every use.
- Report and tag out any ladder that is unsafe.
- Always follow safe ladder setup and usage procedures.
- Maintain three points of contact and avoid overreaching.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide step ladders that meet AS/NZS standards.
- Ensure ladders are regularly inspected and well maintained.
- Offer training on ladder use and site-specific safe work procedures.
- Remove and replace damaged or defective ladders immediately.
Discussion & Questions
- “Have you ever seen or experienced a ladder-related incident? What caused it?”
- “What do you do to stay safe when using ladders on site?”
Encourage everyone to share experiences or suggestions to improve ladder safety.
Commitment/Action Plan
From today, let’s commit to inspecting step ladders before every use and ensuring all safety practices are followed. Take a few extra minutes to check for damage, set up the ladder correctly, and report any unsafe conditions straight away.
Wrap-Up
Step ladders are simple tools, but when used incorrectly, they pose serious risks. By inspecting them before use, setting them up properly, and working within their limits, we can prevent injuries and keep everyone safe. Thanks for making ladder safety a priority.
Standards Overview
Under the Health and Safety at Work (General Risk and Workplace Management) Regulations 2016, duty holders must ensure all equipment used at work is safe and suitable for its intended use. WorkSafe NZ recommends that ladders be inspected before use and used in line with manufacturer instructions and best practice safety guidelines.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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