Safe Use of Portable Extension Ladders
The Problem
Extension ladders are versatile and essential tools for working at height, but incorrect use can result in falls, injuries, and fatalities. Accidents often happen due to unstable setups, overreaching, or failing to follow safety guidelines. Today, we’ll identify common hazards when using portable extension ladders and provide practical steps to ensure they’re used safely every time.
Identify the Hazards
- Unstable or Incorrect Setup: Placing ladders on uneven ground, slippery surfaces, or unsupported structures.
- Overreaching and Loss of Balance: Reaching too far beyond the side rails can cause the ladder to tip.
- Electrical Hazards: Using conductive ladders near overhead power lines.
- Climbing Errors: Carrying objects, not maintaining three points of contact, or incorrect hand placement.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
1. Inspect Before Use
- Look for cracks, damaged rungs, worn feet, or loose fittings.
- Immediately remove and tag any damaged ladder out of service.
2. Set Up Properly
- Ensure the ladder is on stable, level ground.
- Secure or stabilise ladders on uneven or slippery surfaces using ladder feet or anti-slip devices.
- Use cones or barriers when working in high-traffic areas.
3. Correct Ladder Positioning
- Bothside rails must rest against a stable structure.
- Follow the 4-to-1 rule: For every 4 metres in height, place the base 1 metre out from the structure.
- Extend the ladder at least 1 metre above the landing surface for safe access.
4. Avoid Electrical Hazards
- Keep at least 4 metres away from overhead live lines, or greater depending on voltage and WorkSafe NZ guidance.
- Never use metal ladders near electrical sources.
5. Climb Safely
- Maintain three points of contact at all times (two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand).
- Always grip the rungs—do not slide hands along the side rails.
- Use a tool belt or rope to lift materials; never carry items in your hands while climbing.
6. Stay Balanced
- Keep your body between the side rails—avoid overreaching.
- Reposition the ladder if needed to maintain safe posture.
7. Follow Manufacturer Instructions
- Always follow any load limits, labels, or warnings on the ladder.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
On a construction site, a worker placed a ladder on uneven ground and did not secure it properly. The ladder shifted while in use, and the worker fell over 2.5 metres, suffering multiple injuries. This could have been avoided by stabilising the ladder and following correct setup procedures.
Employee Responsibilities
- Inspect extension ladders before use and report defects.
- Set up ladders safely and maintain three points of contact.
- Avoid overreaching or using ladders near electrical hazards.
- Use ladders only as intended and in accordance with manufacturer instructions.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide safe, well-maintained ladders.
- Train workers in ladder safety and hazard identification.
- Promptly repair or replace damaged equipment.
- Implement procedures to reduce ladder-related risks.
Discussion & Questions
- “Have you seen unsafe ladder use on site? What was done about it?”
- “What’s your go-to method for stabilising a ladder on uneven ground?”
- “Any additional tips that help you work safely on ladders?”
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to inspecting ladders before each use, setting them up correctly, and avoiding shortcuts that could lead to injury. If in doubt, stop and get help before continuing.
Wrap-Up
Extension ladders are valuable tools—but they must be used properly. Falls from height are one of the leading causes of serious injury on Kiwi job sites. By following safe practices and being vigilant, we can keep everyone safe and productive. Thanks for committing to ladder safety today.
Standards Overview
WorkSafe New Zealand’s Good Practice Guidelines for Safe Working at Height require:
- Pre-use inspection of all ladders.
- Correct ladder positioning and use.
- Appropriate separation distances from live power lines (refer to NZ Electrical Code of Practice).
Using ladders incorrectly can result in serious injury and regulatory consequences under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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