Safe Practices for Using Portable Ladders
The Problem
Ladders are a common tool on many worksites, but improper use is one of the leading causes of workplace injuries and fatalities. Falls from ladders can result in life-changing injuries or even death. Today, we’ll discuss the hazards associated with ladders and how to use them safely to prevent accidents.
Identify the Hazards
- Using the Wrong Ladder: Ladders that are too short or not suitable for the task can result in unsafe practices, such as standing on the top rung or using makeshift extensions.
- Improper Use: Overreaching, climbing the rear side of a step ladder, or carrying tools by hand while climbing.
- Unstable Setup: Using ladders on uneven or slippery surfaces or leaning a step ladder against a wall.
- Damaged Ladders: Broken rungs, bent stiles, or other defects that compromise ladder integrity.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
Choose the Right Ladder:
- Use a ladder that is the correct length for the job.
- Never use makeshift extensions like lashing two ladders together.
- Select the appropriate ladder type (e.g. step ladder vs. extension ladder).
Set Up Ladders Properly:
- Place ladders on firm, level ground to prevent slipping or tipping.
- Follow the 4:1 rule for extension ladders (1 metre out for every 4 metres of height).
- Never lean a step ladder against a wall—it must be fully opened and locked into place.
Climb Safely:
- Always maintain three points of contact: two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand.
- Use a tool belt or hoist—never carry tools or materials in your hands while climbing.
- Keep your body centred between the stiles; your belt buckle should stay between the ladder sides.
Inspect Ladders Before Use:
- Check for cracks, bent rungs, or missing anti-slip feet.
- Look for loose or missing hardware.
- Tag damaged ladders as “Out of Service” and report them immediately.
Handle Ladders Correctly:
- Do not climb the rear side of a step ladder—the cross-braces are not designed for climbing.
- Never set up ladders on vehicles, trailers, or other unstable platforms.
Dispose of Damaged Ladders:
- Do not attempt DIY repairs or reuse parts from broken ladders.
- Remove damaged ladders from site to prevent accidental use.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
On a recent job, a worker used a step ladder with a missing anti-slip foot on an uneven surface. The ladder slipped during use, resulting in a serious back injury. A simple pre-use inspection could have identified the issue and prevented the fall.
Employee Responsibilities
- Inspect ladders before each use for damage or defects.
- Use safe climbing practices and avoid overreaching.
- Report unsafe ladders or conditions to the supervisor.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide ladders that are well-maintained and compliant with AS/NZS 1892 standards.
- Train workers in safe ladder use and inspection.
- Remove damaged ladders from service without delay.
Discussion & Questions
- “What ladder hazards have you encountered on-site?”
- “Has anyone witnessed or experienced a ladder-related incident? What can we learn from it?”
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to inspecting ladders before every use and following proper ladder safety practices. From today, if you see a damaged or misused ladder, speak up and report it. Safety starts with awareness.
Wrap-Up
Falls from ladders are entirely preventable. By taking the time to inspect equipment and follow safety procedures, we can reduce the risk of injury and create a safer work environment. Thank you for your attention and commitment to ladder safety.
Standards Overview
- WorkSafe NZ requires all ladders to be regularly inspected and removed from use if damaged.
- Ladders must be rated to support four times the intended load (per AS/NZS 1892).
- Extension ladders must be set up at a safe angle—1 metre out for every 4 metres of height.
- Employers must ensure ladders are appropriate for the task and that workers are trained in safe use.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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