Proper Ladder Use and Inspection
The Problem
Ladders are one of the most commonly used tools on New Zealand worksites, but they’re also a leading cause of workplace injuries. Every year, workers are injured—and some lose their lives—due to falls involving ladders. These incidents are often caused by poor ladder condition, improper setup, or using the wrong ladder for the task. Today, we’ll cover how to identify ladder hazards and the steps you can take to prevent falls.
Identify the Hazards
- Structural Failures: Cracked rungs, loose bolts, or bent stiles can cause the ladder to collapse.
- Unstable Setup: Incorrect ladder angle, slippery surfaces, or unsecured ladders increase the risk of falls.
- Improper Use: Overreaching, standing on the top rung, or exceeding the safe working load can result in tip-overs.
- Environmental Factors: Wind, rain, or cluttered work areas increase the risk of slips or instability.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
Inspect Ladders Before Use
- Check for cracks, corrosion, or bent rungs and stiles.
- Ensure rubber feet or other non-slip bases are intact and effective.
- Confirm locking mechanisms are fully operational and secure.
Set Up Properly
- Use ladders on a flat, firm surface and secure them to prevent movement.
- Use the 4-to-1 rule: for every 4 metres of height, set the base 1 metre out.
- Extension ladders must extend at least 1 metre above the landing surface.
Use Ladders Correctly
- Maintain three points of contact (two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand).
- Never stand on the top rung or the top cap of a ladder.
- Avoid leaning too far—move the ladder instead.
Report and Tag Damaged Ladders
- Remove damaged ladders from use immediately.
- Tag them clearly as out of service and inform your supervisor.
Adjust for Environmental Hazards
- Avoid using ladders during high winds or when surfaces are wet.
- Clear the area at the base and top of the ladder of debris and trip hazards.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
A worker fell from a 3-metre ladder after stepping on a cracked rung that collapsed under their weight. The ladder hadn’t been inspected beforehand. This incident could have been prevented with a simple visual check. Falls from ladders often happen quickly and without warning—taking time to inspect is essential.
Employee Responsibilities
- Inspect ladders before every use.
- Use the correct ladder for the task and ensure it is in good condition.
- Report damaged or unsafe ladders immediately.
- Follow safe setup and climbing practices at all times.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide safe, compliant ladders and maintain them regularly.
- Replace or repair any damaged ladders promptly.
- Train staff on safe ladder use and inspection procedures.
- Maintain work areas to reduce environmental hazards affecting ladder stability.
Discussion & Questions
- “Have you ever encountered a damaged ladder on-site? What did you do about it?”
- “What’s the most common mistake you’ve seen with ladder use?”
Encourage the team to share real examples or clarify any uncertainties.
Commitment/Action Plan
Starting today, let’s commit to inspecting every ladder before we use it, and setting it up correctly every time. These quick checks could prevent a serious fall or injury. If you see a hazard, take action or speak up—your safety matters.
Wrap-Up
Ladder safety is everyone’s responsibility. A few moments spent inspecting your equipment and setting it up correctly can prevent a lifetime of consequences. Thank you for making safety a priority and doing your part to protect your team.
Standards Overview
Under WorkSafe New Zealand guidance and the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, employers and workers must:
- Ensure all ladders are fit for purpose, well maintained, and inspected before use.
- Use ladders only when more suitable access equipment (such as scaffolds or platforms) is not reasonably practicable.
- Follow best practice ladder use guidance from WorkSafe’s “Safe Working at Height” guidelines.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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