Fire Classes and Choosing the Right Extinguisher

Fire Protection & Prevention
English (NZ)

The Problem

Fires are one of the most dangerous emergencies that can occur on a worksite. Not all fires are the same, and using the wrong type of fire extinguisher can make the situation worse or put you in danger. Today, we’ll discuss the different fire classes, which extinguishers to use for each, and how to be prepared to handle a fire safely.

Identify the Hazards

  • Incorrect Extinguisher Use – Using the wrong extinguisher for a fire (e.g., water on an electrical fire) can worsen the fire or cause serious harm.

  • Lack of Knowledge – Not recognising the fire class or extinguisher label can delay the response or make it ineffective.
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  • Unfamiliarity with Equipment – Workers who are unsure how to use extinguishers may panic or respond incorrectly in an emergency.

Safety Practices and Preventative Measures

1. Understand the Five Classes of Fire Hazards:

  • Class A – Combustible materials like paper, wood, cloth.

    • Use: Class A or multi-purpose (ABC) extinguishers.

  • Class B – Flammable liquids like petrol, solvents, paints.

    • Use: Class B or multi-purpose extinguishers.

  • Class C – Electrical fires (e.g., power tools, wiring).

    • Use: Class C or multi-purpose extinguishers; never use water.

  • Class D – Combustible metals like magnesium or aluminium.

    • Use: Specialised Class D extinguishers.

  • Class F – Cooking oils and fats (used in commercial kitchens)

    • Use: Class F extinguishers.

2. Read and Understand Extinguisher Labels

  • Extinguishers are labelled for the fire types they are suitable for.
  • Most worksites use ABC extinguishers suitable for common fire risks.
  • Always confirm the extinguisher is right for the type of fire.

3. If You’re Unsure – Don’t Risk It

  • If you are not sure which extinguisher to use, evacuate and raise the alarm.
  • Never try to fight a large or fast-growing fire.
  • Prioritise personal safety and follow your site's emergency procedures.

Real-Life Case or Scenario

Where possible, use an actual incident that you have experienced or been involved in.

On one site, a worker used a water-based extinguisher on an electrical fire, not realising it was a Class C fire. The water caused an arc, resulting in an electric shock. Fortunately, the worker survived, but it was a close call that could have been avoided with the correct training and awareness.

Employee Responsibilities

  • Learn the different fire classes and extinguisher types available onsite.

  • Check that extinguishers are accessible, undamaged, and clearly labelled.

  • Report damaged or missing extinguishers immediately.

  • Never attempt to extinguish a fire you’re unsure about – evacuate and alert others.

Employer Responsibilities

  • Provide the correct types of fire extinguishers for all fire risks on site.

  • Ensure regular servicing and maintenance of extinguishers in line with NZS 4503.

  • Train all workers in the correct use of extinguishers and fire response.

  • Make evacuation procedures and extinguisher locations clear and visible.

Discussion & Questions

  • "What types of extinguishers do we have on-site?"

  • "Are there areas where we need additional or different extinguishers?"

  • "Has anyone had to use an extinguisher? What worked well, and what didn’t?"

Commitment/Action Plan

Let’s commit to reviewing the extinguishers in our work area today. Make sure you know what type each one is and where the nearest extinguisher is located. If anything is unclear, ask your supervisor. Being prepared is the best way to stay safe.

Wrap-Up

Understanding fire hazards and extinguisher types could save your life or someone else’s. By recognising the risks and using the right tools, you can prevent minor fires from becoming major incidents. Thank you for staying safety-focused.

Standards Overview

Under the New Zealand Health and Safety at Work Act (HSWA) and the Fire and Emergency NZ Act 2017:

  • Fire extinguishers must be maintained and tested regularly in accordance with NZS 4503.
  • Workers must be trained in the safe use of fire extinguishers.
  • Employers must manage fire risks and provide appropriate emergency equipment.

Disclaimer

These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.

The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.

It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.

The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.

Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.

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Last Updated:
April 28, 2025