Emergency Response for Caught-In/Between Incidents
The Problem
Caught-in/between incidents are a leading cause of serious injuries and fatalities in the workplace. These occur when workers are caught in or compressed by equipment, materials, or collapsing structures. These situations often escalate quickly, and without a proper emergency response, they can result in life-threatening consequences. Today, we’ll discuss how to respond effectively to these incidents to save lives and prevent further harm.
Identify the Hazards
- Workers caught in moving machinery without proper guarding.
- Being pinned between heavy equipment and stationary objects.
- Collapse of trenches or excavation walls.
- Material shifting or falling, trapping workers beneath.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
Recognise Hazardous Situations:
- Stay clear of moving equipment and never place yourself between machinery and a fixed object.
- Be aware of trench stability—never enter an unprotected trench.
- Secure materials to prevent shifting or toppling.
Prevent the Incident:
- Use machinery with guarding in place and ensure it is maintained correctly.
- Follow WorkSafe NZ guidance for trench and excavation safety, including the use of trench boxes or engineered shoring systems.
- Wear high-visibility clothing when working near plant or equipment.
Emergency Response Steps:
- Stop Work Immediately:
Shut down any machinery or plant involved in the incident. - Call for Help:
Notify emergency services (dial 111) or activate your site’s emergency response team. - Secure the Scene:
Keep others at a safe distance to avoid secondary injuries. - Assist if Safe:
If you are trained in first aid and the scene is safe, assist the injured person.
Do not move the victim unless they are in immediate danger (e.g. further collapse risk). - Follow Emergency Plans:
Every site must have an emergency response plan. Know your responsibilities and follow procedures.
Post-Incident Actions:
- Report the incident to your supervisor or H&S representative.
- Document the events leading up to the incident.
- Participate in the incident review process to help identify causes and prevent recurrence.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
A worker in a trench was pinned by collapsing walls due to a lack of proper shoring. Co-workers quickly shut down all nearby machinery, contacted emergency services, and secured the area. Thanks to their prompt response and knowledge of emergency procedures, the worker was rescued and treated for non-life-threatening injuries. Their training and quick actions prevented a worse outcome.
Employee Responsibilities
- Recognise and report hazards related to machinery, trenches, or moving equipment.
- Avoid unsafe areas, such as unshored trenches or between operating plant and structures.
- Know your role in the emergency response plan and be prepared to act.
Employer Responsibilities
- Provide appropriate guarding and protective systems for machinery and excavation work.
- Ensure workers are trained in hazard recognition and emergency response.
- Establish and communicate a clear emergency response plan for the worksite.
Discussion & Questions
- “What are some caught-in/between hazards you’ve seen on this site?”
- “Do you know the steps to take if someone is caught in or between equipment or materials?”
Encourage employees to discuss existing site practices and any concerns about hazards or emergency readiness.
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to identifying and reporting caught-in/between hazards before they lead to emergencies. Starting today, ensure you know your emergency response role and be ready to take action if an incident occurs.
Wrap-Up
Emergency response is critical in preventing fatalities and minimising injuries. By recognising hazards, taking preventive measures, and acting swiftly in emergencies, we can save lives and keep our worksite safe. Thank you for your attention and for making safety a shared priority.
Standards Overview
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), PCBUs (Persons Conducting a Business or Undertaking) must eliminate or minimise the risks of serious harm, including caught-in/between incidents.
WorkSafe NZ requires:
- The use of machine guarding and protective systems around hazardous equipment.
- Proper shoring, benching, or shielding in all trenches over 1.5 metres deep.
- The implementation of emergency response plans, including training and drills.
- Ongoing worker engagement and risk assessment around high-risk tasks.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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