Confined Space Awareness

Confined Space Awareness
English (NZ)

The Problem

Confined spaces are among the most hazardous areas on any worksite. These spaces often have limited access, poor air quality, and hidden dangers that can trap or kill workers. Tragically, many fatalities occur when would-be rescuers become victims themselves. Today, we’ll address these dangers and discuss how to identify, assess, and safely work around confined spaces to protect ourselves and our workmates.

Identify the Hazards

Atmospheric Dangers:

  • Low oxygen levels (<19.5%) or high oxygen levels (>23.5%).
  • Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) or carbon monoxide (CO).
  • Flammable gases exceeding 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).

Physical Hazards:

  • Limited entry and exit points, which can trap workers.
  • Potential for engulfment or crushing from loose materials or collapsing walls.
  • Heat stress or extreme temperatures inside the space.

Mechanical Hazards:

  • Energised equipment inside the space that could activate unexpectedly.

Safety Practices and Preventative Measures

Step 1: Identifying Confined Spaces

  • Understand the two types:

    • Confined Spaces: Require basic precautions.
    • Permit-Required Confined Spaces: Require strict controls, entry permits, and atmospheric testing.
  • Look for spaces with:

    • Limited entry/exit.
    • Not designed for continuous occupancy.
    • Large enough for a person to enter and perform work.

Step 2: Checking Before Entry

  • Atmosphere Testing: Test for oxygen, flammable gases, and toxic gases prior to and during entry. Ensure monitors are calibrated.
  • Documentation: Confirm permits are completed and signed. Verify rescue equipment is on-site and functional.

Step 3: Setting Up Properly

  • Entry Setup: Assign a trained standby person (attendant) outside the space.
  • Area Control: Set up exclusion zones, barriers, and warning signage. Ensure adequate lighting is provided.

Step 4: Working in the Space

  • Communication: Maintain constant contact with the standby person using radios or agreed signals.
  • Monitor Conditions: Continuously test air quality and remain alert to changing conditions or failing equipment.

Step 5: Emergency Response

  • Rescue Planning: All team members must know the rescue procedure. Rescue equipment must be in position and ready.‍
  • Practice Drills: Conduct regular rescue drills and equipment checks to ensure readiness.

Real-Life Case or Scenario

Where possible, use an actual incident that you have experienced or been involved in.

In a recent confined space incident, two workers lost their lives after entering a storage tank with untested air. One was overcome by toxic gas; the other entered to help without proper PPE or equipment and suffered the same fate. This preventable tragedy highlights the importance of testing air quality and having a sound rescue plan in place.

Employee Responsibilities

  • Before Entry:

    • Confirm air testing has been conducted, permits are signed, and safety controls are in place.
    • Report hazards or missing equipment immediately.
  • During Work:

    • Maintain communication with the standby person.
    • Cease work immediately if hazards are detected or conditions change.

Employer Responsibilities

  • Provide and maintain atmospheric testing and rescue equipment.

  • Ensure all workers are trained in confined space entry, standby duties, and emergency response.
    ‍
  • Develop and implement site-specific confined space entry and rescue procedures as per WorkSafe NZ’s Best Practice Guidelines for Working in ConfinedSpaces.

Discussion & Questions

  • “What confined spaces do we have on this site?”
  • “What’s our procedure for obtaining and approving an entry permit?”
  • “Have you experienced a confined space hazard before? How was it resolved?”

Encourage workers to share their experiences and raise any concerns.

Commitment/Action Plan

Starting today, let’s commit to strictly following all confined space entry procedures. No shortcuts, no assumptions. Every worker has a role in confined space safety—let’s work together to protect each other.

Wrap-Up

Confined space incidents are preventable. One wrong move can cost lives. By following WorkSafe New Zealand guidelines, testing conditions, and using the correct safety procedures, we can eliminate these hazards. Thank you for prioritising safety on-site.

Standards Overview

  • WorkSafe New Zealand requires that confined space entry be carried out in accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 and the Confined Spaces – Best Practice Guidelines.

  • Entry into a permit-required confined space must be supported by:

    • A confined space entry permit.
    • Atmospheric testing.
    • Adequate training and emergency planning.

Rescue arrangements must be in place before any entry occurs.

Disclaimer

These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.

The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.

It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.

The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.

Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.

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Last Updated:
May 12, 2025