Awareness of Swing Radius of Cranes and Machinery
The Problem
Every year, workers are injured or killed because they enter the swing radius of cranes or other machinery without realising the dangers. The swing radius is the area within the machine’s range of movement, and being in that space can lead to being struck, pinned, or crushed by the equipment. Today, we’ll discuss the hazards of the swing radius, how to identify danger zones, and the steps we can take to stay safe.
Identify the Hazards
- Struck-by Incidents: Being hit by the crane boom, counterweights, or other machinery parts.
- Pinch Points: Being caught between the machine and another object, like a wall or structure.
- Blind Spots: The operator may not see workers within the swing radius, increasing risk.
- Unintentional Entry: Workers unknowingly stepping into danger zones.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
To reduce these risks, follow these safe work practices:
Identify and Mark the Swing Radius:
- Clearly mark the swing radius of cranes and other machinery using barriers, cones, or warning tape.
- Use signs to alert workers to stay clear of the danger zone.
Maintain a Safe Distance:
- Always stay outside the marked swing radius unless your task requires you to enter.
- If entry is necessary, ensure the operator is aware of your presence.
Use Spotters and Communication:
- Assign a spotter to monitor the swing radius and guide workers around the machinery.
- Establish clear hand signals or use radios for communication between workers and the operator.
Stay Visible to the Operator:
- Wear high-visibility clothing and stay in sight of the operator at all times.
- Never assume the operator can see you unless you have made direct eye contact or communicated your presence.
Inspect and Maintain Barriers:
- Regularly inspect swing radius markings and barriers to ensure they are intact and visible.
- Replace damaged or missing barriers immediately.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
E.g. In a recent incident, a worker stepped into the swing radius of a crane to retrieve a tool without alerting the operator. The crane’s counterweight swung around, pinning the worker against a wall and causing severe injuries. This could have been avoided by maintaining a safe distance and using proper communication.
Employee Responsibilities
- Stay outside marked swing radius zones unless required for your task.
- Always alert the operator before entering the swing radius.
- Wear appropriate PPE, including high-visibility clothing.
- Report any damaged or missing barriers immediately.
Employer Responsibilities
- Clearly mark and maintain swing radius zones for all cranes and machinery.
- Provide training on swing radius awareness and hazard recognition.
- Assign spotters where necessary to monitor high-risk areas.
- Ensure operators are trained and vigilant about swing radius safety.
Discussion & Questions
- “Have you ever witnessed or experienced a near-miss related to a swing radius hazard?”
- “What steps do you think we can take to improve swing radius awareness on this job site?”
Allow workers to share their insights and concerns about the current setup or procedures.
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to staying vigilant around cranes and machinery. Starting today, take a moment to identify the swing radius of any equipment on-site and ensure you stay outside it unless absolutely necessary.
Wrap-Up
The swing radius of cranes and machinery is a critical safety hazard that must be respected. By following these steps and maintaining clear communication, we can prevent injuries and keep everyone safe. Thank you for your attention and for making safety a priority.
Standards Overview
WorkSafe New Zealand requires that all mobile plant, including cranes and excavators, are operated safely and that exclusion zones are clearly defined and enforced.
- Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), PCBUs must eliminate or minimise risks so far as is reasonably practicable.
- Operators must be trained and competent, and worksite traffic management plans should include swing radius and exclusion zone controls.
- Barriers and signs must be used to mark hazardous zones, and workers must be made aware of machinery movement zones.
Disclaimer
These toolbox talks are provided for informational and educational purposes only and are not a substitute for professional legal, health and safety, or regulatory advice.
The content reflects recognised best practices and general industry standards as at the date of publication. However, it may not be applicable to all workplace environments or specific operational contexts.
It is the responsibility of the Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), as well as officers, workers, and other duty holders under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA), to ensure compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and WorkSafe New Zealand guidance.
The authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk disclaim all liability for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use or reliance on the information provided. Users should seek advice from a suitably qualified health and safety professional or legal advisor for guidance tailored to their specific circumstances.
Always follow your organisation’s policies, procedures, and safe work practices to manage risks and maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
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