Bacteria and Viruses – What You Need to Know
The Problem
Bacteria and viruses are invisible threats that can cause serious illness, affecting not just individuals but entire workplaces. They are present everywhere—in the air, on surfaces, and even on our skin. Without proper understanding and prevention, these microorganisms can spread quickly, putting everyone at risk. Today, we’ll discuss what bacteria and viruses are, the dangers they pose, and how we can protect ourselves.
Identify the Hazards
What are the hazards?
- Bacteria: Single-celled organisms, some of which cause diseases like pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cholera.
- Viruses: Tiny particles that invade living cells and cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to serious diseases like COVID-19, rabies, and HIV/AIDS.
- Other Biohazards:
- Fungi: Moulds and yeasts that can cause infections and allergic reactions.
- Parasites: Organisms that spread through ingestion or contact, leading to illnesses such as malaria or intestinal infections.
Risks in the Workplace:
- Contact with contaminated surfaces, tools, or equipment.
- Spread through coughing, sneezing, or poor hygiene practices.
- Exposure in high-risk settings, such as healthcare, food handling, or construction areas with dampness or mould.
Safety Practices and Preventative Measures
1. Understand the Difference Between Bacteria and Viruses
- Bacteria: Can be harmful (e.g., E. coli, cholera) or beneficial (aid digestion, produce vitamins). Treated with antibiotics.
- Viruses: Infect living cells and spread diseases like influenza and COVID-19. Antibiotics do not work; prevention relies on hygiene and vaccination.
2. Practice Good Hygiene
- Wash hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Use alcohol-based hand sanitiser (at least 60% alcohol) if soap and water are not available.
3. Disinfect Surfaces Regularly
- Clean shared tools, workstations, and high-touch surfaces (e.g., door handles, phones).
- Use approved disinfectants effective against biohazards.
4. Follow Proper Etiquette
- Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.
- Dispose of tissues immediately and wash hands afterward.
5. Be Aware of Biohazard Protocols
- Stay informed about site-specific policies and procedures.
- Use the correct personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, or face shields, when needed.
6. Recognise Symptoms and Act Quickly
- Stay home if unwell to prevent spreading illness.
- Report exposure or potential biohazard incidents to your supervisor.
Real-Life Case or Scenario
Last year, a workplace experienced a flu outbreak affecting over 20 staff members. The cause was traced to shared tools and surfaces that hadn’t been regularly disinfected. The spread could have been reduced if hygiene practices—like cleaning tools and staying home when sick—were consistently followed.
Employee Responsibilities
- Practise consistent hygiene, including handwashing and cleaning shared equipment.
- Follow your workplace’s biohazard safety procedures and use PPE correctly.
- Report any symptoms or potential exposure to your supervisor.
Employer Responsibilities
Discussion & Questions
- What biohazard risks have you seen in our workplace?
- What improvements could we make to reduce infection risks here?
(Encourage open discussion and feedback.)
Commitment/Action Plan
Let’s commit to better hygiene practices starting today. Make it a habit to wash your hands, disinfect shared tools, and stay informed about workplace biohazard protocols. Together, we can maintain a safer and healthier site.
Wrap-Up
Understanding how bacteria and viruses spread is key to preventing their impact. Thank you for your attention and for committing to proper hygiene and biohazard safety. Remember—prevention is everyone’s responsibility.
Standards Overview
CCOHS expects employers to manage exposure to biological hazards under the Canada Labour Code and applicable provincial health and safety legislation.
Employers must identify and manage risks of infectious disease transmission.
Personal protective equipment, hygiene practices, and training are required to reduce exposure to biological hazards.
Disclaimer
“The information provided in this toolbox talk is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional legal, safety, or regulatory advice. The content reflects general best practices and industry standards but may not be applicable to all workplace environments or jurisdictions.
It is the responsibility of employers, supervisors, and workers to ensure compliance with applicable federal, provincial, and territorial laws, regulations, and standards, including but not limited to those set by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) and relevant provincial occupational health and safety authorities. Site App Pro, its affiliates, agents, or representatives—as well as the authors, presenters, and distributors of this toolbox talk—assume no liability for the use or application of the information provided.
Participants are strongly encouraged to consult appropriate legal, safety, or regulatory professionals regarding specific workplace concerns or questions. Always adhere to your organisation’s policies and procedures for health and safety and hazard management.
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